THE RELATIONSHIP OF MUSLIM AMERICANS, the GOP and the Tea Party movement has been a stormy one, but now more than ever, engagement is key.
This summer, the controversy surrounding the Islamic Center in Lower Manhattan amplified a rough-and-tumble national conversation about Islam, Muslims and America. And while I’m confident that the nation’s 6-8 million Muslim Americans are increasingly regarded as loyal, valuable and contributing citizens by their fellow Americans, there’s no doubt the debate has also involved harsh and ugly rhetoric, heartache and even violence.
Worse still, this discussion has become entwined in a broader – and often nastier – partisan food-fight. Despite President George W. Bush’s best efforts after 9/11 to separate terrorism from the faith of Islam, a seemingly endless chorus of conservative commentators has failed to make any such distinction. The conservative magazine National Review fired Ann Coulter, for example, when she wrote of Muslims, “We should invade their countries, kill their leaders and convert them to Christianity.” In 2007, after Bush made a statement underscoring Islam’s place alongside Christianity and Judaism in the Abrahamic religious tradition, columnist Cal Thomas asked, “How can the president say that we all worship the same God when Muslims deny the divinity of Jesus?”
And these increasingly hostile attitudes are often reflected in the comments of current and former elected officials as well. Colorado Republican Rep. Tom Tancredo suggested in 2005 that the U.S. response to terrorism should be to bomb Muslim holy cities including Mecca. In 2006, Virginia Republican Rep. Virgil Goode complained that the election of Muslim Americans such as Minnesota Democratic Rep. Keith Ellison underscored the need for immigration reform(despite the fact that Ellison was born in Detroit to Roman Catholic parents). When the House of Representatives passed a resolution honoring Ramadan in 2007, 42 Republican congressmen declined to vote in favor of it, voting “present” instead.
During the 2008 presidential campaign, harsh statements about Muslims and Arabs were commonplace. Republican presidential candidate Sen. John McCain of Arizona eventually rejected the support of an influential evangelical pastor, Rod Parsley, in Ohio after he urged Christians to wage a “war” against the “false religion” of Islam. When asked whether he would appoint a Muslim American in his cabinet, Republican candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney replied that he “cannot see that a cabinet position would be justified” based on the percentage of Muslims in the country.
And after the “Ground Zero mosque” controversy erupted this summer, anti-Muslim rhetoric hit a fevered pitch. Candidates such as New York Republican gubernatorial candidate Rick Lazio blasted the mosque’s “terrorist-sympathizing” imam (Lazio eventually lost the primary) while political pundits such as Newt Gingrich made statements equating Islam with Nazism.
Not surprisingly, the partisan divide on Islam and Muslims is reflected in popular opinion polls. In a recent Zogby International survey of American attitudes on a broad array of issues, stark differences emerged between Democrats and Republicans in their views on Arabs and Muslims. When asked about their attitudes toward Arabs, for example, 57percent of Democrats responded “favorable” and 30 percent responded “unfavorable.” On the Republican side, 28 percent responded “favorable” while 66 percent responded “unfavorable.”
When asked about their attitudes toward Muslims, Democrats were 54 percent “favorable,” 34 percent “unfavorable”; Republicans were 12 percent “favorable,” 85 percent “unfavorable.” The poll’s other findings were just as troubling. When asked “Is Islam a religion of peace?” – 62 percent of Democrats said it was while 79 percent of Republicans said it was not.
Despite President George W. Bush’s best efforts after 9/11 to separate terrorism from the faith of Islam, a seemingly endless chorus of conservative commentators has failed to make any such distinction.
And when Americans were asked in separate questions whether they “know enough about Islam and Muslims (or Arab countries and people) or need to know more,” among Democrats, 68 percent said they would “like to know more” about Islam, with 80 percent wanting “to know more” about the Arab world. Among Republicans, 71 percent and 58 percent said they “know enough” and “don’t want to learn more,” respectively.
This partisan divide wasn’t always the case. Muslim Americans voted two-to-one for George H.W. Bush in 1992. And while they supported Bill Clinton by the same margin in 1996, the majority of Muslim American voters supported George W. Bush in the 2000 presidential election. And regardless of arguments after-the-fact, Bush earned this support. As early as 1999, the then-Texas governor met with several Muslim community leaders and made a visit to an Islamic center in Michigan – the first and only major presidential candidate to ever do so. The2000 Republican convention in Philadelphia was the first in either national party’s history to include a Muslim prayer. On the campaign trail, Bush praised Americans of faith who regularly attend a “church, synagogue or mosque.” And after Muslim civil rights leaders expressed their concerns over the use of “secret evidence” by the Clinton Justice Department, Bush criticized such abuses in a presidential debate with Vice President AlGore.
Bush’s unprecedented outreach (and by contrast Gore’s lackadaisical effort) paid-off. Eight major Muslim American organizations endorsed Bush, and he won more than 70 percent of the Muslim vote, including 46,200 ballots in Florida alone, prompting one prominent conservative leader to write, “Bush was elected President of the United States of America because of the Muslim vote.”
The 9/11 tragedy, of course, changed everything. But as stated, in the early days after the terrorist attacks, it was Bush who reminded Americans, “Ours is a war not against a religion, not against the Muslim faith. … (O)urs is a war against individuals who absolutely hate what America stands for.” He met with Muslim American leaders on numerous occasions, becoming the only sitting president to visit an American mosque (which he visited on two occasions), and appointed Muslim Americans to several prominent positions in his administration.
Nor was Bush the only Republican politician to distinguish the war against extremist terrorism from Islam itself. House Speaker Denny Hastert, Republican National Committee Chairman Jim Nicholson and National Republican Congressional Committee Chairman Tom Davis joined Bush in supporting the issuance of a postage stamp honoring Eid, the Muslim holiday, in 2001.
But as Bush’s first term unfolded, post-9/11unity gave way to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal; and the same Muslim groups that raised concerns of violations of civil liberties under the Clinton administration were predictably upset over the Patriot Act and the Bush administration’s detainment and warrantless wiretapping policies. In the 2004election, more than half of Muslim voters supported Democrat John Kerry and Independent Ralph Nader.
By 2008, despite Barack Obama and his campaign’s decision to keep Muslims at arm’s length, more than 90 percent of Muslims came out in record numbers for him, including in key swing states such as Florida, Virginia, Ohio and Michigan. And even with the Muslim community’s growing impatience with the administration’s lack of progress on key issues – such as reform of the Patriot Act, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and peace between Israel and Palestine – Muslims remain firmly in the Democratic fold, largely due to the perception that the GOP has grown increasingly hostile to Muslims and Islam.
And there’s no doubt many Muslims associate this growing hostility with the emergence of the Tea Party movement. Much of this perception is due to the highly publicized comments of some Tea Party figures such as Mark Williams, national spokesman for the Tea Party Express, who was fired after making venomous comments critical of Muslims, Islam and African Americans. And then there was the Republican senate candidate from Nevada, Sharron Angle, who made a bizarre lamentation regarding Shari’a, “We’re talking about a militant terrorist situation, which I believe isn’t a widespread thing, but it is enough that we need to address, and we have been addressing it. Dearborn, Mich., and Frankford, Texas are on American soil, and under constitutional law. Not Shari’a law. And I don’t know how that happened in the United States. It seems to me there is something fundamentally wrong with allowing a foreign system of law to even take hold in any municipality or government situation in our United States.”
Indeed, such comments and the hatred sometimes displayed on racially charged and denigrating signs at Tea Party rallies has unsurprisingly drawn criticism and condemnation. At its annual convention in July, the NAACP passed a resolution denouncing the “racist element” within the Tea Party movement. “We don’t have a problem with the Tea Party’s existence,” explained President Benjamin Jealous. “We have an issue with their acceptance and welcoming of white supremacists into their organizations.” Similarly, the Council on American-Islamic Relations has often characterized Tea Party candidates and activists as “bigoted” and “racist.”
In a recent USA Today/Gallup poll, 77 percent of people identified as members of the Tea Party described themselves as white. And while there are a host of loosely associated grassroots organizations (Tea Party Express, Tea Party Nation, Tea Party Patriots to name but a few) that together make up the Tea Party “movement,” there is no dominant organization, party or hierarchy.
Despite the criticisms, it should be known that racial and religious hatred are not regular hallmarks of the Tea Party movement. What brings the many local, regional and national Tea Party organizations together are the core principles of patriotism, preserving constitutional principles, protesting peaceably against one’s government, opposition to job-killing taxes, burdensome regulation, unemployment (currently around 10percent), excessive federal spending and our massive national debt (a whopping $14 trillion at last count).
In the 2010 election, the Tea Party movement represented the latest of several waves of grassroots groups that have become permanent parts of the broader modern conservative movement. Previous groups have included Evangelical Christians, churchgoing Catholics and national supporters of Texas Rep. Ron Paul. In most instances, the GOP establishment has turned its nose up at the thought of including such converts to the cause. And so, as former House Majority Leader and current Tea Party leader Dick Armey stated, many Tea Partiers intended something of a “hostile takeover” of the GOP; witness the primary defeats of establishment figures such as Utah Sen. Bob Bennett, Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski and Delaware Rep. Mike Castle.
Partisan wrangling aside, the bottom line remains that Muslim Americans share much in common with Tea Party activists: a concern for family, faith, personal freedom and fiscal responsibility. I should know, I have met and worked with many Tea Party activists. They are honest, hard working patriots who ask nothing of government (other than to be left alone) and who are genuinely concerned for the legacy we leave behind for future generations. While I don’t expect droves of Muslims to start hoisting “Don’t Tread on Me” flags anytime soon, I do urge Muslims not to fall prey to stereotypes – even of our Tea Party friends. §
About The Author
Recent Comments
